1821

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1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).

Events

March

• March 4 - James Monroe sworn in as President of the United States, for second term.
• March 25 - Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

June

• June 19 - Decisive defeat of the Philikí Etaireía by the Ottomans at Drăgăşani (in Wallachia).
• June 24 - Simón Bolívar wins the Battle of Carabobo, ensuring Venezuela's independency from Spain. (See Venezuela's independence.)

July

• July 10 - The United States takes possession of its newly-bought territory of Florida from Spain.
• July 19 - George IV is crowned king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• July 28 - Peru declares independence from Spain. (See Peru's Independence from Spain).

August

• August 10 - Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state. (See History of Missouri.)
• August 21 - Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the Eliza Frances.

September

• September 7 - The Republic of Gran Colombia (a federation covering much of presentday Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador) was established, with Simón Bolívar as the founding President and Francisco de Paula Santander as vice president.
• September 11 - Greek War of Independence - Tripoli, Greece falls to the Greeks, who proceed to eliminate the Ottoman garrison and officials.
• September 15 - Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica gain independence from Spain. (See History of Central America)
• September 18 - Amherst College is founded.
• September 27 - Mexico gains its independence from Spain. (See Mexican War of Independence.)

November

• November 9 - the first American pharmacy college holds classes in Philadelphia.
• November 16 - American Old West: Santa Fe Trail used by first White American.
• November 28 - Panama declares independence from Spain. (See History of Panama).

Births

• January 8 - James Longstreet, American Confederate general (d. 1904)
• January 8 - W.H.L. Wallace, American Civil War general (d. 1862)
• February 3 - Elizabeth Blackwell, first American female physician (d. 1910)
• February 11 - Hermann Allmers, writer (d. 1902)
• February 11 - Auguste Edouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (d. 1881)
• February 17 - Lola Montez, Irish Spanish dancer and royal mistress (d. 1861)
• February 19 - August Schleicher, German linguist (d. 1868)
• March 1 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
• March 15 - William Milligan, Scottish theologian (d. 1892)
• April 3 - Fr. Thomas Pelham Dale English mystic (d. 1892)
• April 9 - Charles-Pierre Baudelaire, French poet and writer (d. 1867)
• May 8 - William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (d. 1885)
• May 16 - Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician (d. 1894)
• May 17 - Sebastian Kneipp, German naturopath (d. 1897)
• July 1 - Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy, French archaeologist (d. 1904)
• July 18 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)
• August 10 - Jay Cooke, American financier (d. 1905)
• September 28 - Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs African-American minister and politician (d. 1874)
• October 13 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
• November 11 - Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881)
• November 30 - Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1902)
• December 12 - Gustave Flaubert, French writer (d. 1880)
• December 25 - Clara Barton, First president of American Red Cross (d. 1912)
• Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, Canadian politician (d. 1893)

Deaths

• January 4 - Elizabeth Ann Seton, American saint (b. 1774)
• February 23 - John Keats, British poet (b. 1795)
• March 4 - Princess Elizabeth of Clarence (b.1820), daughter of William, Duke of Clarence (later King William IV).
• March 13 - John Hunter, second Governor of New South Wales (b. 1737)
• May 5 - Napoleon I of France (b. 1769)
• May 19 - Camille Jordan, French politician (b. 1771)
• June 7 - Tudor Vladimirescu, Wallachian rebellion-leader (b. cca. 1780)
• June 17 - Martín Miguel de Güemes Argentine military leader (b. 1785)
• September 10 - Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter and art historian
• October 11 - John Ross Key commissioned officer in the Continental Army, judge, lawyer and the father of Francis Scott Key (b. 1754)
• November 8 - Jean Rapp, French general (b. 1771)af:1821

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